IAPP Certified Information Privacy Technologist CIPT Exam Questions
An individual drives to a grocery store to buy food for dinner. When she arrives, she receives several unsolicited notifications on her phone about discounts on items in the store. Which type of privacy problem does this represent?
Correct Answer: A
CIPT describes privacy harms based on Solove’s Privacy Taxonomy. “Intrusion” refers to disturbances or interruptions that invade a person’s private life , including:
Unwanted communications
Targeted advertising without user expectation
Push notifications or messages based on location or behavior
The situation clearly meets the definition of intrusion because:
The user receives unsolicited , unexpected messages
The notifications are triggered by location-based tracking , causing disturbance
The user did not request or initiate such contact
CIPT points out that intrusive practices often result from:
Over-collection of behavioral/location data
Failure to respect contextual privacy expectations
Poor consent or preference management mechanisms
Why the other options are incorrect:
B — Surveillance: Involves continuous or systematic monitoring, not a one-time targeted notification.
C — Decisional Interference: Involves influencing or manipulating personal decisions (e.g., limiting free choice) — not the case here.
D — Exposure: Relates to revealing personal information publicly — not applicable here.
➡ Correct answer: A